9. Rakes

In these guidelines,

Ladder is used to include both straight or extension ladders, that must be supported, and "A" frames that are self-supporting.

Scaffold is used to include pre-made scaffolding, scaffolding made from pipes mechanically joined together, known as tube and clamp scaffolding, and vertical ladders with platforms known as cherry pickers or tallescopes.

Definitions

Rake: An acting area that is not horizontal.
Raked Stage: A stage where most or all of the deck is raked.
Raked Area: A portion of the stage which is raked.
Ramp: A means of getting from one acting area to another.
Counter-rake: An angled platform placed on a rake to create a horizontal area on the rake.
Manlift: A device used to lift a worker; may be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical.

Potential Concerns

Tripping: The greater the rake, the higher the risk of stumbling or falling. It is generally considered that an unsafe rake is one that exceeds an incline of one inch in twelve inches.
Misstepping: Changing levels can be hazardous, especially when moving between a rake and a level surface. The risk is magnified as the rake is increased.
Loose objects: Any object on a rake can roll, slide or fall down a rake, and is therefore a potential hazard. Objects include but are not limited to rolling or falling props, ladders, scaffolding, people, tools, and scenery.
Strain injuries

Working on a Rake

There should be adequate rehearsal on the rake so that all concerned become accustomed to the conditions. In determining “adequate” rehearsal, consultation prior to and during rehearsals, with performers and others working on the rake, is of utmost importance. Lack of rehearsal time combined with an unfamiliar surface can lead to occurrences.
Frequent rest periods off the rake are recommended for anyone who is required to work on a rake. There should be a horizontal surface in the immediate area. If possible, a counter-rake should be considered.

Working With Lifts/Ladders/Scaffolding on Rakes

All work platforms should be made horizontal.
When a counter-rake is used to make the work platform horizontal, the lift, ladder or scaffolding on the platform should be rendered immobile. The counter-rake should be engineered to sufficiently support the worker and any equipment required to perform the task. The counter-rake should also be secured to prevent slipping.
When the legs of the lift, ladder or scaffolding are adjusted to make the unit vertical, the unit shall be secured to prevent it from moving.
Regardless of the angle of the rake, the ladder shall always be set up on a horizontal base.

Movable Scenic Units on a Rake

Movable scenic units on a rake should have a braking and locking mechanism to prevent the unit from tipping over or rolling off the rake.
When moving large units on a rake, a secondary safety device shall be used. Such devices may include, but are not limited to tethers, stops, construction methods, shape of the object and wedges.
All units, static or moving, shall be constructed to minimize tripping hazards.
Rakes shall have the structural integrity to support any and all loads applied to them.

Scenery and Props

Adequate measures shall be taken to prevent props and scenery from inadvertently rolling down the rake. Measures may include, but are not limited to, tethers, stops, construction methods, shape of the object and wedges.
Props and scenery shall be constructed to avoid tripping hazards.
The weight and balance of a prop or costume should be considered when designing for use on a rake.
(Refer to the Hand Props and Costumes Guidelines)

Surface Treatment

In determining the surface treatment, consideration should be given to the pitch of the rake and the requirements of the performance.

Footwear

Special consideration should be given to the choice, construction and treatment of footwear.
The footwear should be made available as close to the beginning of the rehearsal period as possible.
Footwear should be properly maintained.